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÷ƒ’À;è TeX output 2008.02.01:1901‹ÿÿÿÿ ª ý2 ° ý•¢àž‘íî¹ï=PSfile="d0logo.eps" llx=206 lly=343 urx=406 ury=449 rwi=1000 ŽŽ’˜®³óo´‹Ç cmr9¹Dnote‘T5234-CONFŽŽŸWÛ‘gû+ó(ÂÖN cmbx12ÓMeasuremenš t–€of“ó*·ág£cmmi12Õn9ó'X«Qcmr12Ò(Õp‘ýƒÒŽÕpŽŽ‘ :ÿó,!",š cmsy10×!‘URÕtŸýÉ$)ÇÒŽŸ6ÜÕtŽŽ‘>6Ò)“Óin“Õ‘ÅÒ+‘ª¨Õj‘¬Óets“Óc˜hannelŽŸPçÏ’¹0ÆóKñ`y cmr10²The‘Œ%D‘Œ$CollabGorationŽ¤ €’²(Só&¼j‘¹ cmti9ÑURL‘æhttp://www-d0.fnal.govŽ¡’·—ã¹(Dated:‘pF‘ÿ:«ebruary–T1,“2008)ŽŽŸmšo‘..µThis–øßnote“presenš¾9ts“a“new“measuremen˜t‘øàof“ó5ùž" cmmi9»p‘Ç±¹Ž»pŽŽ‘±¸ó©±Ê cmsy9½!‘ »tŸþVÛ ä¹ŽŸ©%»tŽŽ‘WX‘:¹proAÇduction“at“ŸùƒØ½pŽ‘®1ŸùƒØ‰aHOŸ|(»sŽŽŽ‘ O¹=‘ 1»:¹96“T‘ÿ:«eV‘ø¤using“350Ž¡‘$î¹pbŸü-=óq¡%cmsy6¾ó¹Aa¨cmr6º1Ž‘ n¾¹of›|ýdata–|þcollected“with˜the“D“detector˜bAÇet•¾9w“een–|þ2002“and“2005.‘SmW‘ÿ:«e˜foAÇcus“on“the˜nal“stateŽ¡‘$î¹where–70the›71»W‘€¹bAÇoson“from˜one“of“the˜top“quarks“deca•¾9ys˜in“to–70a“»‘?0¹lepton“and“its˜assoAÇciated“neutrino,Ž¡‘$î¹while–‚Ýthe‘‚Üother“decaš¾9ys“in˜to‘‚Üa“quark-an˜tiquark›‚Üpair.‘e 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†OŸ’˜ÑPr•‡eliminary›N<R“esults˜for˜F‘ÿJªalxäl˜2006˜Confer“enc“esŽŽŸŽŒ‹* ª ý2’æî¸²2ŽŽ ° ýj’¸„îót‰: cmbx9ÈI.Ž’Ê$áINTR´CODUCTIONŽ©¹ó‘÷î¹²The– £top“quark‘ ¤is“the“heaš¸ãviest“fundamen˜tal› ¤particle“in“nature.‘5ŒPrecise˜measuremen¸ãts“of“its“proGduction˜rate“and“otherŽ¤€‘íî¹propšGerties–!allo¸ãw“us“to“p˜erform“precision“tests‘!of“QCD‘ êpredictions.‘Õ!In“addition,‘Tan¸ãy“deviations“from“the“StandardŽ¡‘íî¹MoGdel–ÿ%(SM)‘ÿma¸ãy“signal“the›ÿ$presence“of“new˜ph¸ãysics.‘U In˜this“respGect,‘bthe˜deca¸ãys“of“the˜top“quark˜in¸ãto“the“ó b> cmmi10µ‘ ë²lepton“areŽ¡‘íî¹espGecially–‘ˆinš¸ãteresting,‘¸°since“the“µ‘³N²is“the‘‘‡hea˜viest“lepton.‘0ƒAn˜y‘‘‡non-standard“ a˜v˜or-‘‘‡and“mass-depGenden˜t‘‘‡couplings“couldŽ¡‘íî¹proGduce–£Da“vš¸ãery“signican˜t“eect“in“this“c˜hannel.‘[•An“in˜teresting“example“is“the“c˜harged“Higgs“bGoson,‘¶Àwhic˜h“appGearsŽ¡‘íî¹in–þÅextensions“of“the–þÄSM‘þšHiggs“sector–þÅto“2HDMs“(Tw¸ão-Higgs“Doublet“MoGdels),‘) and“is“required“in“MSSM‘þ™(MinimalŽ¡‘íî¹Sup•Gersymmetric›¹‡Standard‘¹ˆMo“del)˜[1Ž‘].‘ž^Since˜the˜Higgs-fermion‘¹ˆcoupling˜is˜prop“ortional˜to‘¹ˆthe˜latter's˜mass,‘Ò”deca¸ãysŽ¡‘íî¹to–ä=the›ä<hea¸ãvy“µ‘²lepton˜wš¸ãould“bGe“m˜uc˜h‘ä<more“frequen˜t“than›ä<those“to“the˜ligh¸ãter“µe“²and˜µ².‘~This“prompts“us˜to“searc¸ãhŽ¡‘íî¹for–¯GµH‘ÏþŸü^ÿóÙ“ Rcmr7±+Ž‘"Õ²deca¸ãying›¯Fto“µ‘Ñ²leptons.‘œD“and“CDF‘¯0pGerformed˜sucš¸ãh“searc˜hes“in“Run“I‘¯/[2Ž‘,‘ÅÃ3Ž‘ÅÄ].‘The“measuremen˜t‘¯Fof“the“SMŽ¡‘íî¹prošGcess–$ºpresen¸ãted“here‘$»is“an“imp˜ortanš¸ãt“ingredien˜t‘$»to“extending“the“reac˜h“of‘$»suc˜h“searc˜hes“in“addition‘$»to“pGerforming“aŽ¡‘íî¹crucial–UUtest“of“the“Standard“MoGdel.Ž¡‘÷î¹Theoretical–Glcomputations“of“µ[Ù²(µp‘ÙW²ŽµpŽŽ‘ b‘ó !",š cmsy10¸!‘Z’µtŸþ'ž#²ŽŸØbµtŽŽ‘œr²)“are“constanš¸ãtly“impro˜ving.‘HThe“latest“published“NNLO‘G-cross“section“isŽ¡‘íî¹6.8¸²0.4–‡pb“[4Ž‘].‘The“decaš¸ãy“moGde‘‡to“µ‘{Ð²+‘Z µj‘’‹ets“²has“a“branc˜hing›‡fraction“of“0.15,‘“‚the“same“as˜the“µe–Z ²+“µj›’‹ets–‡²and“µ–Z ²+“µj˜etsŽ¡‘íî¹²c•¸ãhannels.‘®%Ho“w“ev“er,‘n|secondary–itµe²'s“and“µ²'s“from›iuleptonic“deca¸ãys“of“a˜µ‘‹;²lepton“are“dicult“to˜distinguish“from“promptŽ¡‘íî¹(primary)–çones›çat“a“hadron“collider.‘ &ØHence,‘Kqin˜this“analysis“w¸ãe“only˜try“to“iden¸ãtify˜the“ev•¸ãen“ts–çin“whic¸ãh˜the“µŽ¡‘íî¹²subsequen•¸ãtly›³¹deca“ys–³ºto˜one“or˜three“c¸ãharged˜hadrons,‘ËSzero˜or˜more“neutral˜hadrons“and˜a“µŸÿó 0e—rcmmi7´Ž‘²î²(the“c¸ãharge˜conjugateŽ¡‘íî¹prošGcesses–|!are“implied‘| in“all“of“the“ab˜o•¸ãv“e).‘æ*These›|!accoun“t–| for˜only˜0.65˜of˜the“µ‘è²lepton˜branc•¸ãhing˜ratio,‘…Óso˜w“e˜expGectŽ¡‘íî¹the›UUn•¸ãum“bGer˜of˜ev“en“ts˜to˜bGe˜lo“w“er˜than˜in˜the˜µe–8à²+“µj‘’‹ets˜²and˜µ“²+“µj‘’‹ets˜²c¸ãhannels.Ž¡‘÷î¹This–ï2note‘ï1presenš¸ãts“the“rst“measuremen˜t›ï1of“the“µtŸþ'ž#²ŽŸØbµtŽŽ‘‹£²cross“section“in˜this“c¸ãhannel,‘Ÿusing“the“data“collected˜during“RunŽ¡‘íî¹IGI‘¼ëbš¸ãy–½the“D–½detector.‘?The“in˜tegrated–½luminosit˜y“of“our‘½data“sample“w˜as“349‘[¸‘\²23“pbŸü^ÿóO!â…cmsy7·±1Ž‘ y…²[5Ž‘].‘?After‘½careful“optimizationŽ¡‘íî¹of–jtriggers,‘o,ob‘Ž8ject“idenš¸ãtication‘jand“using“an“articial“neural“net˜w˜ork“for“the“nal‘jfull-ev˜en˜t“pattern“recognition,‘o,w˜eŽ¡‘íî¹are–šable››to“extract˜the“fain¸ãt˜signal“from˜the“v¸ãery˜large“bac•¸ãkground,‘!whic“h–šis˜dominated“b¸ãy“mismeasured˜QCD‘Šev•¸ãen“ts.ŽŸ!C%’¬…ÈIK¼I.Ž’ÂurTHE–ŒÊD“DETECTORŽ¦‘÷î¹²The–¦ÇD›¦ÆRun“IGI‘¦pdetector“[6Ž‘]˜is“comprised“of˜the“folloš¸ãwing“main“compGonen˜ts:‘ªthe“cen˜tral“trac˜king‘¦Æsystem,‘û#theŽ¡‘íî¹liquid-argon/uranium–UUcalorimeter“and“the“m¸ãuon“spGectrometer.Ž¡‘÷î¹The›îªcen•¸ãtral‘î©trac“king˜system–î©includes˜a“silicon˜microstrip“trac•¸ãk“er˜(SMT)‘î‚and‘î©a˜cen“tral‘î©bGer˜trac“k“er‘î©(CFT),˜bGothŽ¡‘íî¹lošGcated–‹Tinside“a“2“T‘‹!sup˜erconducting“solenoid“magnet.‘.rThe“SMT‘‹!is“designed“to“proš¸ãvide“ecien˜t“trac˜king“and“v˜ertexingŽ¡‘íî¹capabilit¸ãy–œ˜at›œ—pseudorapidities“of˜¸jµ[Ù¸j‘=Üµ<‘=Û²3.‘GThe“system˜has“a˜six-barrel“longitudinal˜structure,‘®heac¸ãh“with˜a“set˜of“fourŽ¡‘íî¹la•¸ãy“ers–²Ãarranged›²Äaxially“around˜the“b•Geampip“e,‘Êand˜in¸ãtersp“ersed–²Ãwith˜16“radial˜disks.‘ŠA‘²¬tš¸ãypical“pitc˜h›²Äof“50-80˜µ²m“ofŽ¡‘íî¹the–B_SMT‘B"strips“alloš¸ãws‘B^a“precision“determination“of“the“three-dimensional“trac˜k“impact‘B^parameter“with“respGect“toŽ¡‘íî¹the‘Å,primary›Å-v•¸ãertex,‘á!whic“h˜is–Å,the“kš¸ãey“compGonen˜t›Å-of“the“lifetime˜based“µb²-jet“tagging“algorithms.‘ÁMThe“CFT‘Åhas“eigh¸ãtŽ¡‘íî¹coaxial–ó#barrels,‘–eacš¸ãh“suppGorting“t˜w˜o“doublets“of“o˜v˜erlapping“scin˜tillating“bGers“of“0.835“mm“diameter,‘–one“doubletŽ¡‘íî¹bGeing–UUparallel“to“the“collision“axis,“and“the“other“alternating“bš¸ãy“¸²3Ÿü^ÿ·Ž‘î9²relativ˜e“to“the“axis.Ž¡‘÷î¹The–„¨calorimeter“is“divided“inš¸ãto‘„§a“cen˜tral“section“(CC)‘„œpro˜viding“co˜v˜erage“out‘„§to“¸jµ[Ù¸j–÷“²1–„¨and“t˜w˜o“end“calorimetersŽ¡‘íî¹(EC)‘ˆ extending›ˆ.co•¸ãv“erage‘ˆ-to˜¸jµ[Ù¸j‘Ö‘Õ²4,‘”äeac“h–ˆ-housed˜in“separate˜cry•¸ãostats.‘ PScin“tillators˜placed‘ˆ-bGet“w“een˜the–ˆ-CC‘ˆ!and“ECŽ¡‘íî¹proš¸ãvide–UUsampling“of“sho˜w˜ers“at“1µ:²1–Çµ<“¸jµ[Ù¸j“µ<“²1µ:²4.Ž¡‘÷î¹The›ßÞm•¸ãuon‘ßÝsystem,‘÷\co“v“ering˜¸jµ[Ù¸j–Çµ<“²2,‘÷\resides˜bGey¸ãond–ßÝthe˜calorimetry˜and“consists˜of“three˜la•¸ãy“ers˜of‘ßÝtrac“king˜detectorsŽ¡‘íî¹and–>fscinš¸ãtillating“trigger“coun˜ters.‘j"Mo˜ving“radially‘>gout˜w˜ards,‘Büthe“rst“la˜y˜er“is“placed“inside“the‘>g1.8“T‘>`toroid“magnets,Ž¡‘íî¹and–UUthe“t•¸ãw“o›UUfollo“wing˜la“y“ers˜are˜loGcated˜outside˜the˜magnets.Ž¡‘÷î¹The–ÂdD›Âetrigger“is“a“three-lev¸ãel˜trigger“system.‘@ÌLev¸ãel“1˜is“a“hardwš¸ãare“trigger,‘ßÈwhile“lev˜els›Âe2“and“3“are˜soft•¸ãw“are‘Âdlters.ŽŸ!C%’˜”RÈI•K¼I“I.Ž’²ÔAOBJECT‘ŒÊIDENTIFICA‘ÿÌTIONŽ¦‘÷î¹²The–7?most“impGortan¸ãt“ob‘Ž8jects“for“this“analysis“are“jets‘7@and“hadronic“µ‘Y²lepton“candidates.‘…Jets“are“reconstructedŽ¡‘íî¹using–{an‘|iterativš¸ãe“algorithm,‘?Ewhic˜h“in˜tegrates‘|the“energy“observ˜ed›|in“the˜calorimeter“in“a˜cone“with“radius˜µR‘È²=ŽŸ P\‘íî¹Ÿön5óú±u cmex10«pŽ‘÷îºŸön5‰fe*fŸ ‘Ëµ`ãyŽ‘ ¢Ÿû‡±2Ž‘Êõ²+‘8àµ`ãŽ‘ àŸû‡±2ŽŽŽŽ‘$Å8²=‘Ç0µ:²5,‘úwhere–ã1µy‘?²is“detector›ã2rapidit¸ãy“and˜µ“²is˜the˜angle“in˜the“plane˜transv¸ãerse“to˜the“bGeam˜axis.‘K»These˜jetsŽ¡‘íî¹are–=required›=to“bGe“in˜the“ducial“region˜¸jµ[Ù¸j–Çµ<“²2µ:²4,‘Aëwith‘=µpŸÿ´TŽ‘ Îµ>“²20˜GeV/µc².‘i°The–=energy“of˜the“jets“after˜reconstruction“isŽ¡‘íî¹corrected–UUto“represenš¸ãt“the“true“jet“energy“[5Ž‘].‘qÇAn“equiv‘ÿqÇalen˜t“correction“is“deriv˜ed“for“Mon˜te“Carlo“ev˜en˜ts.ŽŽŽŒ‹ ª ý2’æî¸²3ŽŽ ° ýj’×²ÈA.‘ ¦^»‘”ÉÈIDŽŸ¹ó’ÂP\Ñ1.‘ qÏT‘ÿJªau›N<de•‡c“ay˜mo“desŽ©¹ó‘÷î¹²The–¨µ‘%o²lepton“has‘©sevš¸ãeral“deca˜y“c˜hannels,‘/=classied“b˜y“the“n˜um˜bGer“of“c˜harged“particles‘©(trac˜ks)“and“EM‘{clustersŽŸ€‘íî¹assoGciated–UUwith“it“[7Ž‘]“:ŽŸ€‘ýî¸¸ŽŽŽ‘î¹²electron–UUor“m¸ãuon“(µ›èß¸!‘ÇµeŸÿ´eŽ‘KKµŸÿ´Ž‘TŠ²or“µ˜¸!‘ÇµŸÿ´Ž‘\ÁµŸÿ´Ž‘ÿ5²),“BR“=“35%“.Ž¤€‘ýî¸¸ŽŽŽ‘î¹²single–UUc¸ãharged“hadron“(µ‘èß¸!‘Çµ[ÙŸü^ÿ·Ž‘ÚµŸÿ´Ž‘ÿ5²),“BR“=12%“.Ž¡‘ýî¸¸ŽŽŽ‘î¹²single–UUc¸ãharged“hadron“+“¸›Ç²1“neutral“particle“(i.e.,“µ‘èß¸!˜µŸü^ÿ·Ž‘ÀµŸÿ´Ž‘ÆM¸!˜²(µn[ÙŸü^ÿ±0Ž‘,²+‘8àµ[ÙŸü^ÿ·Ž‘Ú²)µŸÿ´Ž‘ÿ5²)“,“BR“=“38%“.Ž¡‘ýî¸¸ŽŽŽ‘î¹²3–UUcš¸ãharged“hadrons“+“¸‘Ç²0“neutral“hadrons,“BR“=“15%“(so-called“\3-prong"“deca˜ys).ŽŸ!C%’Â‰Ñ2.‘ qÏT‘ÿJªau–N<ID“variablesŽ¦‘÷î¹²Aš¸ãt–„ËD,‘©µ‘¦“²leptons“are‘„Ìiden˜tied“in“their›„Ìhadronic“moGdes˜as“narro¸ãw“(µR‘)ú²=‘20µ:²3“cone)˜jets,‘©isolated“and˜matc¸ãhed“toŽ©€‘íî¹c•¸ãharged›UUtrac“ks.‘qÇThe˜(most˜impGortan“t)˜discriminating˜v‘ÿqÇariables˜are˜[8Ž‘]:ŽŸ×‘ýî¸¸ŽŽŽ‘î¹²Prole–UU-Ÿúæi‘ˆˆ´EŸüûrb}ó†›Zcmr5°1ŽŸóO Ú\cmmi5³TŽŽ‘‡“±+´EŸüûrb}°0ŽŸ³TŽŽŽ‘ˆˆŸÌÉ‰feð–Ÿ$·‘M.Ÿú¿ýó9#°cmex7äPŽ‘ ´LŸ@³iŽ‘<å´EŸý–Âb}³iŽŸÆÏTŽŽŽŽŽŽ‘"¬Q²,“where“µEŸü^ÿ‘“´iŽŸbTŽŽ› ¢²is“the“µEŸÿ´TŽ˜²of“the“µiŸü^ÿ±thŽ‘`²highest“µEŸÿ´TŽ˜²to•¸ãw“er–UUin“the“cluster.ŽŸO‘ýî¸¸ŽŽŽ‘î¹²Isolation,–rdened›ÃasŸû&h‘ö8´E•b}±(0´:±5)·´E“±(0´:±3)Ž‘ö8ŸŒÊ‰fe3ô«Ÿ¿˜‘+´Eb}±(0´:±3)ŽŽŽŽ‘;²,“where˜µE‘“²(µRÇ²)˜is˜the˜energy˜con¸ãtained˜in–Ãa˜µy‘ˆƒ¸‘,«µ“²of˜radius˜µR‘ÖÍ²around˜theŽŸ $’‘î¹calorimeter–UUcluster“cen¸ãtroid.Ž¡‘ýî¸¸ŽŽŽ‘î¹²T‘ÿ*ªracš¸ãk–ºisolation,‘0”dened“as‘»scalar“Ÿøü«PŽ‘=µpŸÿ´TŽ‘ Qq²of“non-µ‘&²trac˜ks›»in“a˜µy‘ ¦¸‘Îµ˜²cone“of“0.5˜around“the˜calorimeter“clusterŽ¦‘î¹cen¸ãtroid.ŽŸ€‘íî¹Using–"âthese“and“other“v‘ÿqÇariables,‘,ùthree“Neural“Net•¸ãw“orks–"â(NNs)“are‘"átrained“to“idenš¸ãtify“three“t˜ypGes“of“µ‘D©²lepton“(µ[Ù²-t˜ypGe,Ž¦‘íî¹µ²-t¸ãypGe–UUand“3-prong)Ž¦‘÷î¹The–t5output›t4of“these“NNs˜pro¸ãvides“a“set“of˜three“v‘ÿqÇariables“(óDßê<x cmtt10ëDnnout˜²=“1,2,3)“to˜bGe“used“to“select˜the“µ‘•ü²lepton˜in“theŽ¦‘íî¹ev•¸ãen“t.‘huThe›§t“yp•Ges‘§roughly˜corresp“ond˜to˜the˜µ‘ÉV²lepton˜deca¸ãy˜mo“des.‘hvT¸ãyp“e˜1˜con•¸ãtains˜only˜one˜c“harged˜trac“k,‘¼t“ypGe˜2Ž¦‘íî¹has–Hone‘Icš¸ãharged“trac˜k›Iand“one˜or“more˜electromagnetic“clusters“and˜t¸ãypGe“3˜has“more˜than“one˜tracš¸ãk“(m˜ulti-prongŽ¦‘íî¹decaš¸ãys).‘p_High–Qv‘ÿqÇalues“of“NN‘QcorrespGond“to“the“ph˜ysical“µ‘rå²leptons,‘Qöwhile“lo˜w“ones“should“indicate“jets“misiden˜tied“asŽ¦‘íî¹µ‘!Ç²'s–UU(fak¸ães).‘qÇF‘ÿ*ªor“more“details,“see“Ref.“[8Ž‘].ŽŸ!C%‘~¤ñÈB.‘ ¦^The–ŒÊSecondary“V›ÿÌertex“T˜agging“AlgorithmŽŸ¹ó‘÷î¹²The‘FÂµtŸþ'ž#²ŽŸØbµtŽŽŽ‘ Æi²nal–FÂstate“con•¸ãtains›FÃt“w“o–FÂµb²-jets,‘Iwhile“jets“in˜QCD‘F¾and˜W+jets“ev•¸ãen“ts–FÂoriginate˜most“often“from˜ligh¸ãt“quarksŽ¦‘íî¹or–˜egluons.‘:õRequiring“at›˜dleast“one˜jet“in˜the“ev•¸ãen“t–˜eto˜bGe“µb²-tagged˜is“therefore˜a“v•¸ãery˜pšGo“w“erful–˜emetho˜d‘˜dof“bac¸ãkgroundŽ¦‘íî¹rejection.‘_ŠThe–¤–µb²-tagging“algorithm“used“in“this‘¤—measuremenš¸ãt“is“a“secondary“v˜ertex“tagging“algorithm“(SVT),“whic˜hŽ¦‘íî¹explicitly–ø4reconstructs“vš¸ãertices“that“are“displaced“from“the“primary“v˜ertex.‘ZdIn“the“tting“proGcedure,‘ ëthe“SVT‘ø usesŽ¦‘íî¹only›ýgo•Go“d˜qualit•¸ãy˜trac“ks˜that˜ha“v“e˜an˜impact˜parameter˜signicance˜µ>˜²3.‘hàAlso,‘&õonly˜secondary˜v“ertices˜whic“h˜areŽ¦‘íî¹displaced–¤Jfrom›¤Kthe“primary“v¸ãertex˜in“the“plane˜transv¸ãerse“to“the“bGeam˜line“b¸ãy“more˜than“7“standard˜deviations“areŽ¦‘íî¹considered–UUin“this“measuremen¸ãt.Ž¦‘÷î¹óEý': cmti10ëEa.‘ 8àµbëE-tagging‘à€eciency‘ 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a˜v˜ors‘³Šamong“the“jets“with“a“negativ˜e“deca˜y“length“signicance.‘ŒhAnother“correction“is“forŽ¡‘íî¹the–UUpresence“of“long“livš¸ãed“particles“in“ligh˜t“jets“(µS‘“FŸÿ´l 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]“matrix˜elemen¸ãt“generator,Ž¡‘íî¹assuming–êa›étop“mass˜of“175“GeV/µcŸü^ÿ±2Ž‘Ž\²and“the“parton˜distribution“function˜set“CTEQ“6.1M‘Ø[11Ž‘ ].‘[NThese“ev•¸ãen“ts˜are‘êthenŽ¡‘íî¹proGcessed–átthrough“óFŒ-ø cmcsc10ëFPythia›ás²6.2“[12Ž‘ ].‘$This“pac•¸ãk‘ÿqÇage˜tak“es›átin“to˜accoun“t˜the˜gluon˜radiation‘ásand˜fragmen“tation˜eectsŽ¡‘íî¹and–¹)also›¹*pGerforms“the˜short“liv¸ãed“particle˜deca¸ãys,‘Øeexcept˜for“µb˜²hadrons“and“µ‘Úñ²leptons.‘=¹EvtGen“[13Ž‘ ]“is˜used“to˜moGdel“theŽ¡‘íî¹decaš¸ãys–'ýof‘'üµb“²hadrons.‘bªµ‘IÃ²leptons“are“deca˜y˜ed›'üusing“T‘ÿ*ªauola“[14Ž‘ ].‘bªThe˜generated“ev•¸ãen“ts–'ýare˜then“proGcessed“through˜a“fullŽ¡‘íî¹ëFgeant–Bj²[15Ž‘ ]›Bksim¸ãulation“of˜the“D˜detector“pro•¸ãviding˜trac“king–Bjhits,‘F3calorimeter˜cell“energy˜and“m¸ãuon˜hit“information.Ž¡‘íî¹Multiple– in¸ãteractions› are“added˜to“all“ev•¸ãen“ts˜according– to“a˜P¸ãoisson“distribution˜with“a“mean˜that“is˜determined“fromŽ¡‘íî¹the›úÜa•¸ãv“erage˜instan“taneous˜luminosit“y‘ÿ*ª.‘b]The˜same˜reconstruction˜and˜ob‘Ž8ject˜ID‘ú±is‘úÝapplied˜to˜data˜and˜Mon“te˜CarloŽ¡‘íî¹ev•¸ãen“ts.‘qÇThe–UUsignal“(µtŸþ'ž#²ŽŸØbµtŽŽ‘œr²)“Monš¸ãte“Carlo“is“prepared“in“the“same“w˜a˜y‘ÿ*ª.Ž¦’®™ôÈV.Ž’Ä>ÞEVENT‘ŒÊSELECTIONŽŸ¹ó‘÷î¹²F‘ÿ*ªor–úäthis›úãanalysis,‘$Gw¸ãe“used“the˜data“collected˜with“a“4-jet˜trigger,‘$Gwhic¸ãh“required“4˜jet“candidates“with˜¸jµ[Ù¸j‘Ûµ<‘Û²3µ:²6Ž¡‘íî¹and–ƒˆµEŸÿ´TŽ‘L¶µ>²10“GeV‘ƒ}using“a“simple“cone“algorithm.‘üaThis“trigger“w¸ãas›ƒ‰designed“for“the“all-hadronic“top˜deca¸ãy“moGde“andŽ¡‘íî¹w•¸ãorks›!üw“ell–!ýfor˜our˜purpGoses,‘,Asince“an˜energetic˜hadronic“µ‘CÃ²lepton˜is˜alw•¸ãa“ys–!ýfound˜as˜a“jet˜candidate.‘`©The“eciency˜ofŽ¡‘íî¹this–trigger›had“bGeen“parametrized˜and“cross-c•¸ãhec“k“ed–on˜data“and“is“applied˜as“a“w•¸ãeigh“ting˜factor–to“the˜Mon¸ãte“CarloŽ¡‘íî¹ev•¸ãen“ts.Ž¡‘÷î¹The–UUanalysis“proGcedure“in•¸ãv“olv“ed›UUsev“eral˜stages:ŽŸ€‘ýî¸¸ŽŽŽ‘î¹²Preselection–qg(section›qhV‘ªÂA).‘ÅþA¸ãt“least“4˜jets“and“¸6 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»W‘Hãbbj–„j‘×½!‘T»‘ÿ‘¢©¹+‘8»bbj“jŽ’:K¹2,321/11,576Ž’:þz0.222–T½“¹0.044Ž’Ä@9.98–T½“¹2.08ŽŽ¡‘•Ö»W‘Hãccj–„j‘×½!‘T»‘ÿ‘¢©¹+‘8»ccj“jŽ’:K¹2,289/10,995Ž’:þz0.527–T½“¹0.059Ž’Â]A24.77–T½“¹3.22ŽŽ¡‘Jë»W‘Hãcj–„j“j‘×½!‘T»‘ÿ‘¢©¹+‘8»cj“j“jŽ’:K¹2,169/10,435Ž’<‰$0.920‘T½¹0.087Ž’Â]A42.23–T½“¹4.87ŽŽ¡‘»W‘Hãj–„j“j“j‘×½!‘T»‘ÿ‘¢©¹+‘8»j“j“j“jŽ’:K¹2,683/11,920Ž’?žx14.14–T½“¹1.3Ž’½½C720.33–T½“¹81.48ŽŽŸŒÎ‰ffþŸff‰ffþŽŽŸ(¾)ŽŸÍ|‘íî¹²The–$1µW‘‡À²bac¸ãkground“has“bšGeen“mo˜deled“using‘$0ALPGEN‘#üMonš¸ãte“Carlo“sim˜ulation,‘Wèwhile‘$0QCD‘#übac˜kground“estimatesŽ¤€‘íî¹w¸ãere–extracted“from“the“data‘ using“the“prošGcedure“describ˜ed“in“section“V‘ªÂC.‘]XIn“order“to‘ optimize“the“selection“w¸ãe“alsoŽ¡‘íî¹used–ýxthe›ýyµtŸþ'ž#²ŽŸØbµtŽŽ‘™ê²Mon¸ãte“Carlo“and˜normalized“it“to“kno¸ãwn˜(either“theoretical“or“computed˜b¸ãy“ALPGEN)‘ýbv‘ÿqÇalues.‘T}In˜the“endŽ¡‘íî¹w¸ãe–UUapplied“this“optimal“selection“to“measure“the“actual“µtŸþ'ž#²ŽŸØbµtŽŽ‘ñÇ²cross“section“in“the“data.Ž©!8E’ÅÔ°ÈA.‘ ¦^PreselectionŽŸ¹ó‘÷î¹²The–e?total“n•¸ãum“bGer‘e>of›e?ev“en“ts˜recorded˜b“y–e>our˜trigger˜in˜this˜349“pbŸü^ÿ·±1Ž‘!³²data˜set˜is˜17“million.‘¡…The“main˜goal˜ofŽ¡‘íî¹preselection–Éw¸ãas›Éto“reduce“this“dataset,‘&while“impGosing“the˜most“obš¸ãvious“and“straigh˜tforw˜ard‘Érequiremen˜ts“thatŽ¡‘íî¹cš¸ãharacterize–UUthe“signal“signature.‘qÇSuc˜h“c˜haracteristic“features“include“the“follo˜wing:ŽŸ@Û‘ýî¸¸ŽŽŽ‘î¹²MošGderate–UU¸6‘ÿqÈµEŸÿ´TŽ‘ ¢²arising“from“b˜oth“the“W“vš¸ãertex“and“µ‘w²deca˜y‘ÿ*ª.Ž¤f¾‘ýî¸¸ŽŽŽ‘î¹²Aš¸ãt–UUleast“4“jets“m˜ust“bGe“presen˜t.Ž¡‘ýî¸¸ŽŽŽ‘î¹²Aš¸ãt–UUleast“1“µ‘w²lepton“and“2“µb“²jets“are“presen˜t.ŽŸ@Ú‘÷î¹¸6‘ÿqÈµEŸÿ±TŽŽ‘Üë²signicance›åK[17Ž‘ ]–åLis“dened˜as“measure˜of“the“lik¸ãeliho•Go“d˜of‘åL¸6‘ÿqÈµEŸÿ±TŽŽ‘Ó~²arising˜from–åLph¸ãysical“sources,‘ Irather˜than“ uc-Ž¤€‘íî¹tuations–èHin›èGdetector“measuremen¸ãts.‘*ŸThese“ 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noted“that“the“S:B‘öat˜this“stage“is“1:58,‘~whic¸ãh˜is“toGo“small.‘Y®In“section“V‘ªÂD˜w¸ãe“will“describGe“the˜topGological“NNŽ¡‘íî¹used–UUto“enhance“the“signal“con•¸ãten“t.Ž¡‘÷î¹Aš¸ãt–UUthis“pGoin˜t,“w˜e“use“these“ID“algorithms“to“dene“3“subsamples“out“of“the“original“preselected“data“sample:ŽŸ@Û‘ýî¸¸ŽŽŽ‘î¹²The–×\signal"›Øsample“-˜require“at˜least“1“µ‘ÏŸ²lepton“with˜µN‘N‘q¶>‘Z›²0µ:²95˜and“at˜least“one˜SVT‘Àtag˜(as“in˜table“I•GI“I).Ž¡‘î¹This–UUis“the“main“sample“used“for“the“measuremenš¸ãt.‘qÇIt“con˜tains“268“ev˜en˜ts.ŽŽŽŒ‹Q ª ý2’æî¸²6ŽŽ ° ý´úŸ»À‘íî¹¹T‘ÿ:«ABLE› I•AÇI“I:˜»b¹-tagging˜and˜»‘¹ID.–In˜the˜MC,˜w¾9e˜use˜the˜»b¹-tagging˜certied˜parameterization˜rather˜than˜actual“»b¹-tagging,‘²thatŽŸ €‘íî¹is,‘ðUwš¾9e–çapplied“the‘ç»b¹-tagging“w˜eigh˜t.‘ W‘ÿ:«e“also“used“the“triggering‘çw˜eigh˜t“as“computed“b˜y“the‘çtrigger“eciency“parameterization.ŽŸ ÿý‘íî¹Ÿä&i‰ffþ¤ff‰ffþ¡‰ffþŸY—’«žü±dataŽ’ 1taggingMCŽŽ¤ ÿ‘k«è·›F·±1–±È´‘€å±with“·j´@L·j˜´<˜±2´:±4“and“´pŸm³TŽ‘ÎJ´>˜±20“GeV/´cŽ’h«è·›F·±1–±È´‘€å±with“·j´@L·j˜´<˜±2´:±4“and“´pŸm³TŽ‘ÎJ´>˜±20“GeV/´cŽŽ¡’£Â»·‘F·±1‘±ÈSVTŽ’…Ë3´T–Žr7igš@LW“eig˜ht–Ò,·“´bT–Žag˜P“r7obŽŽ¡‘gÁ‹·›F·±2–±Èjets“with“·j´@L·j˜´<˜±2´:±4“and“´pŸm³TŽ‘ÎJ´>˜±20“GeV/´cŽ’dÁ‹·›F·±2–±Èjets“with“·j´@L·j˜´<˜±2´:±4“and“´pŸm³TŽ‘ÎJ´>˜±20“GeV/´cŽŽŸŒÎ‰ffþŸff‰ffþŽŽŸ¿ýŽ €üRŸ›Ã®‘íî¹¹T‘ÿ:«ABLE–¶ñIV:“»b¹-tagging“and“»‘¾ð¹ID‘¶Çresults.‘GShoš¾9wn“are“the“total“acceptances“(including“preselection)“and“the“n˜um˜bAÇer“of“ev˜en˜tsŽŸ €‘íî¹scaled–Tto“349“pbŸü-=¾º1Ž‘ ñÀ¹.‘pAn“estimate“of“QCD“bac¾9kground“is“not“included.ŽŸ0þ)‘íî¹ŸÔ(=‰ffþ¤ff‰ffþ¡‰ffþ¤Y—’˜àH(#–Tpassed)/(total“#)Ž’>3ýAcceptanceŽ’»šl#–Tpassed“scaledŽŽŸŒÎ‰ffþ¡‘!n”dataŽ’«mÚ216/653,727Ž’ÔÝ9216ŽŽŸ •ô‘»tŸùS‰aHWŸ¬ütŽŽ‘èá½!‘‘Æ»‘7¹+‘8»j‘„etsŽ’½Ù¹524.0/6141Ž’4ÓÒ0.0480–T½“¹0.0020Ž’À B9.320–T½“¹0.620ŽŽ¤ ÿ‘ª »W‘Hãbbj–„j‘×½!‘T»‘ÿ‘¢©¹+‘8»bbj“jŽ’° Ø¹54.5/2321Ž’4ÓÒ0.0150–T½“¹0.0024Ž’À B0.012–T½“¹0.002ŽŽ¡‘•Ö»W‘Hãccj–„j‘×½!‘T»‘ÿ‘¢©¹+‘8»ccj“jŽ’° Ø¹13.3/2289Ž’4ÓÒ0.0039–T½“¹0.0012Ž’À B0.034–T½“¹0.005ŽŽ¡‘Jë»W‘Hãcj–„j“j‘×½!‘T»‘ÿ‘¢©¹+‘8»cj“j“jŽ’²]×¹8.0/2169Ž’4ÓÒ0.0025–T½“¹0.0010Ž’À B0.160–T½“¹0.020ŽŽ¡‘»W‘Hãj–„j“j“j‘×½!‘T»‘ÿ‘¢©¹+‘8»j“j“j“jŽ’²]×¹3.3/2683Ž’4ÓÒ0.0009–T½“¹0.0006Ž’À B0.860–T½“¹0.100ŽŽŸŒÎ‰ffþŸff‰ffþŽŽŸ(¾)ŽŸ‘ýî¸¸ŽŽŽ‘î¹²The–º \µ‘Üf²v¸ãeto“sample"›ºŸ-“Same˜selection,‘Óòbut“instead˜of“µN›NŸÿ´Ž‘oµ>‘oè²0µ:²95,‘Óò0–oéµ<“N˜NŸÿ´Ž‘oµ<‘oè²0µ:²5–º w¸ãas›ºŸrequired“for˜µ‘Üg²leptonŽ¤€‘î¹candidates–\«and“no›\¬ev•¸ãen“ts–\«with“\go•Go“d"–\«(µN‘N‘Þ3>‘Ç²0µ:²8)˜µ‘~r²leptons“wš¸ãere“allo˜w˜ed.‘åThis“sample“is“used‘\¬for“the“topGologicalŽ¡‘î¹NN–UUtraining.‘qÇIt“conš¸ãtains“21,022“ev˜en˜ts.ŽŸ€‘ýî¸¸ŽŽŽ‘î¹²The–»D\µb›»C²v¸ãeto"“sample“-“at˜least“1“µ‘Ý ²lepton“with“µN‘N‘ˆ>‘pû²0µ:²95,‘Ô¿but“NO‘»)SVT‘»*tags.‘£“This˜sample“is“to“bGe˜used“forŽ¡‘î¹the–UUQCD“prediction.‘qÇIt“conš¸ãtains“4,642“ev˜en˜ts.ŽŸ+C%’¿Z„ÈC.‘ ¦^QCD‘ŒÊmoK¼delingŽ©¹ó‘÷î¹²The›Ádierence‘ÁbGet•¸ãw“een˜the˜total‘Án“um“bGer˜of‘ÁµtŸþ'ž#²ŽŸØbµtŽŽ‘]Ž²and˜µW‘$¬²ev“en“ts˜and˜data–Áhas˜to“bGe˜accoun¸ãted˜for“b¸ãy˜QCD-initiatedŽ¡‘íî¹ev•¸ãen“ts,›+where–Àga‘Àhµ‘â.²candidate“is“a“jet,˜mistakš¸ãenly“iden˜tied›Àhas“a“µ‘â.²lepton.‘²ýIn“order˜to“estimate“this“bac¸ãkgroundŽ¡‘íî¹conš¸ãtribution,–UUthe“follo˜wing“strategy“w˜as“emplo˜y˜ed.Ž¡‘÷î¹W‘ÿ*ªe–›ístarted“with“the“\µb“²vš¸ãeto"“sample.‘EThis“sample‘›ìis“dominated“b˜y“m˜ultijet“ev˜en˜ts“in“whic˜h“a“jet“is“misiden˜tiedŽ¡‘íî¹as–JÈa“hadronic“µ‘!Ç².‘R Since“the“µ‘lŽ²candidates“here“are“really“jets,‘ˆ%w¸ãe“can‘JÇsimply“divide“µ‘¦¡²vs“µpŸÿ´TŽ‘ —~²distributions“of“the“µŽ¡‘íî¹²candidates–†bš¸ãy“the“same“distributions“for“jets“bin“b˜y‘‡bin“to“parameterize“the“µ‘<M²fak˜e“rate.‘^-In“order“to“reduce“this“eectŽ¡‘íî¹and–Ó'minimize“the“statistical“uncertain•¸ãt“y‘ÿ*ª,‘òœw“e–Ó'pGerformed“a“2D‘Ót“to“this‘Ó(distribution.‘ë=This“t“w¸ãas“then“used“for“theŽ¡‘íî¹QCD‘ò,prediction.‘HÄThe–òTdistributions“in“µ‘N-²and‘òUµpŸÿ´TŽ‘ ? ²ha•¸ãv“e–òTbGeen“separately“tted“with“µA²(µ[Ù²)“and“µB‘€q²(µpŸÿ´TŽ‘L¶²).‘HÅThe“v‘ÿqÇalidit¸ãy“ofŽ¡‘íî¹using–³Œthe›³‹normalized“proGduct˜of“these˜t•¸ãw“o‘³Œeciency˜curv“es–³Œhas“bGeen˜c•¸ãhec“k“ed–³Œusing˜closure“tests.‘ŒjThe“result˜of“thisŽ¡‘íî¹prošGcedure–šWcan“b˜e“observš¸ãed“in“Fig.–@Í2.“F‘ÿ*ªor–šWt˜ypGe‘šV3“µ‘¼²lepton“candidates“the“0µ:²85–:µ<“¸jµ[Ù¸j‘:µ<“²1µ:²1–šWregion“w˜as“excluded“fromŽ¡‘íî¹the–Ö&t“due“to“the“p•Go“or›Ö&p“erformance˜of˜the˜µ‘÷í²ID–ÖNeural˜Net˜in˜this˜region.‘ô:The˜nal˜2D“parameterization˜of˜the˜µŽ¡‘íî¹²fakš¸ãe–UUrate“(normalized“proGduct“of“µ‘±.²and“µpŸÿ´TŽ‘ ¢²ts)“is“sho˜wn“in“Fig.‘qÇ3.ŽŸ!C%’©¢•Ñ1.‘ qÏComputing–N<the“QCD“fr‡actionŽ¦‘÷î¹²W‘ÿ*ªe–assume›žthat“probabilit¸ãy˜for“a˜jet“to˜fak¸ãe“a˜µ‘Ad²lepton“is˜simply“µF‘c²(µš[Ù;‘ª¨pŸÿ´TŽ‘L¶²)–Ç=“µA²(µ˜²)µB‘€q²(µpŸÿ´TŽ‘L¶²).‘_àThen–the‘žprobabilit¸ãy“thatŽ¡‘íî¹at–UUleast“one“of“the“jets“in“the“ev•¸ãen“t–UUwill“fakš¸ãe“a“µ‘w²can“bGe“computed“as“the“follo˜wing:ŽŸk¶Ÿ»ª‘íî¹¹T‘ÿ:«ABLE–$V:‘$œ»b¹-tagging“and“»‘,œ¹ID‘$˜results“pšAÇer“t¾9yp˜e“after›$œthe“»‘wG¹cut˜(as“explained“in“section˜V‘Š¿C).‘JJShoš¾9wn“are“the“n˜um˜bAÇer‘$œof“ev˜en˜tsŽŸ €‘íî¹predicted–Tin“signal“and“observš¾9ed“in“the“data.‘pAn“estimate“of“QCD“bac˜kground“is“not“included.ŽŸ! ø‘íî¹Ÿän‰ffþ¤ff‰ffþ¡‰ffþŸY—’ø·JT¾9ypAÇe‘T2Ž’ÖœôT¾9ypAÇe‘T3ŽŽ¤ ÿ‘!dataŽ’Zb91Ž’à@71ŽŽŸ •ô‘=˜»tŸùS‰aHWŸ¬ütŽŽ‘èá½!‘‘Æ»‘7¹+‘8»j‘„etsŽ’ïÚj¹5.61–T½“¹0.37Ž’ÍÀ2.81–T½“¹0.18ŽŽ¡‘»W‘Ú©½!‘‘Æ»‘ÿ‘¢©¹+‘8»j‘„etsŽ’ïÚj¹0.93–T½“¹0.04Ž’ÍÀ0.32–T½“¹0.01ŽŽŸŒÎ‰ffþŸff‰ffþŽŽŸÊ÷ŽŽŽŒ‹fˆ ª ý2’æî¸²7ŽŽ ° ýÊŸ–Ÿ’ìî¹ó)|{Ycmr8Ô(a)Ž¤ €’ìî¹TÃŽyp<reŽ¡’ìî¹2Ž¡’ìî¹tŽŽŽŽŽŸ-€Ÿ’ìî¹(b)Ž¤ €’ìî¹TÃŽyp<reŽ¡’ìî¹3Ž¡’ìî¹tŽŽŽŽŽŸ8À‘t1@¹FIG.–T2:‘pFit“of“the“»‘gþ¹and“»pŸ¼TŽ‘ñ:¹distributions“of“the“»‘S¹fak¾9e“rate.ŽŽŸ[«™Ÿ´€Ÿ €’ìî¹Ô(a)Ž¤ €’ìî¹TÃŽyp<reŽ¡’ìî¹2Ž¡’ìî¹2DŽ¡’ìî¹tŽŽŽŽŸ €’ìî¹(b)Ž¤ €’ìî¹TÃŽyp<reŽ¡’ìî¹3Ž¡’ìî¹2DŽ¡’ìî¹FitŽŽŽŽŽŸG@‘o £¹FIG.–T3:‘pThe“2D“comš¾9bined“t“(in“»‘gþ¹and“»pŸ¼TŽ‘Ûæ¹)“of“the“»‘S¹fak˜e“rate.ŽŽŸW1’§¶µPŸÿ´ev@LentŽ‘Ð²=‘Ç1–8à¸“Ÿøü«QŽ‘ª©Ÿ´jŽ‘áU²(1“¸“µF‘c²(µpŸû1É´jŽŸ¾ŽTŽŽ‘L¶µ;‘ª¨[ÙŸü^ÿ´jŽ‘’…²))µ:Ž©lþ‘íî¹²By–UUsumming“up“sucš¸ãh“probabilities“o˜v˜er“the“tagged“data,“w˜e“obtain“the“QCD“bac˜kground“estimate.Ž¤€‘÷î¹Using–ù.the“results›ù-describGed“in“the“previous“section,‘"#w¸ãe“get“µNŸÿ´QC}‚DŽ‘Ÿ7²=‘Ø*71µ:²13–¦¸“²1µ:²56–ù.for˜the“µ‘õ²t¸ãypGe“2˜and“µNŸÿ´QC}‚DŽ‘Ÿ7²=Ž¡‘íî¹77µ:²46‘¯>¸‘¯?²0µ:²80‘ãfor–äthe“µ‘(ª²tš¸ãypGe“3,‘3Gwhic˜h›ãagrees“with˜the“observ¸ãed˜data“(in˜T‘ÿ*ªable“V)˜fairly“w¸ãell.‘†rOne“can˜also“observ¸ãeŽ¡‘íî¹(see–WAppGendix)›Wthat“the˜predicted“distributions˜of“the“main˜topGological“v‘ÿqÇariables˜(section“V‘ªÂD)˜are“in˜fairly“go•Go“dŽ¡‘íî¹agreemenš¸ãt–UUwith“what“is“observ˜ed“in“the“data.ŽŸ ç²’½‹–ÈD.‘ ¦^T‘ÿÌopK¼ological‘ŒÊNNŽŸ¹ó‘÷î¹²Similarly–ÆGto›ÆHthe“all-jets˜analysis“[5Ž‘],‘â„w¸ãe˜dene“2˜neural“net•¸ãw“orks–ÆG(NN)‘Æ+(the“Multi˜La•¸ãy“er‘ÆGP“erceptron˜[19Ž‘ ]‘ÆGprogramŽ¡‘íî¹wš¸ãas–UUused).‘qÇThe“t˜w˜o“NNs“con˜tainŽ¦‘û'›1.ŽŽŽ‘î¹3–UUtopGological“(aplanaritš¸ãy‘ÿ*ª,“sphericit˜y“and“cen˜tralit˜y)“and“2“energy-based“(µHŸÿ´TŽ‘ ¢²and“ŸøÌ¸pŽ‘ª¬ŸøÌ‰fe°Ÿ3èµsŽŽŽ‘Z¬²)“v‘ÿqÇariables.Ž¤«™‘û'›2.ŽŽŽ‘î¹the–UUoutput“of“the“rst“NN,“µW‘¸ä²and“µt“²mass“likš¸ãeliho•Go“ds,–UUµpŸÿ´TŽ‘ ¢²and“deca˜y“length“signicance“of“the“µb“²jets.ŽŸlý‘íî¹The–UUkinematic“and“topGological“v‘ÿqÇariables“used“are:Ž¦‘ýî¸¸ŽŽŽ‘î¹µHŸÿ´TŽ› ¢²-–UUthe“scalar“sum“of“all“jet's“µpŸÿ´TŽ˜²(and“µ‘w²lepton“candidates).Ž¡‘ýî¸¸ŽŽŽ‘î¹²Sphericit•¸ãy›Ø£and‘Ø¢Aplanarit“y˜[5Ž‘]–Ø¢-˜these˜v‘ÿqÇariables“are˜formed“from˜the˜eigen¸ãv‘ÿqÇalues“of˜the“normalized˜Momen¸ãtumŽ¤€‘î¹T‘ÿ*ªensor–”pof›”othe“jets˜in“the˜ev•¸ãen“t.‘/These˜are–”pexpGected˜to“bGe˜higher“in˜the“top˜pair“ev•¸ãen“ts˜than–”pin˜a“t¸ãypical˜QCDŽ¡‘î¹ev•¸ãen“t.Ž©«™‘ýî¸¸ŽŽŽ‘î¹²Cen•¸ãtralit“y‘ÿ*ª,–UUdened“asŸûäû‘ª´HŸm³TŽŽ‘ˆˆŸÎ7‰feWQŸ¿˜´HŸm³EŽŽŽŽŽ‘ha²,“where“µHŸÿ´EŽ‘ Â²is“sum“of“energies“of“the“jets.ŽŸ)Ë‘ýî¸¸ŽŽŽ‘î¹²T‘ÿ*ªop›$and–$W‘$mass“lik¸ãeliho•Go“d˜-˜a‘$µŸü^ÿ±2Ž‘|s²-lik¸ãe˜v‘ÿqÇariable.‘aZµL–Ç¸“Ÿôæ`«ŽŸúí…‘ ó/´MŸ°3³jŽ‘#·´mŸ³tŽŽ‘ ó/ŸÅ‰femÊŸ¿˜‘½´Ÿ³tŽŽŽŽŽ‘*”,Ÿôæ`«ŽŽ‘0ŸöøÝ±2Ž‘6ßÖ²+‘ÖTŸôæ`«ŽŸúí…‘ k´MŸ°2³jŽ‘#·´MŸm³WŽŽ‘ kŸÅ‰fe$gxŸ¿˜‘Ì´Ÿm³WŽŽŽŽŽ‘.Ÿôæ`«ŽŽ‘4•úŸöøÝ±2Ž‘9m²,‘-éwhere˜µmŸÿ´tŽ›…Vµ;–ª¨MŸÿ´WŽ‘ åµ;“Ÿÿ´tŽ˜µ;“Ÿÿ´WŽ‘<ô²are‘$topŽŸ‘î¹and–CW›5masses“(175“GeV˜and“80“GeV‘4respGectiv¸ãely)‘Dand“resolution“v‘ÿqÇalues“(45“GeV˜and“10“GeV˜respGectiv¸ãely)“[5Ž‘].Ž¡‘î¹µMŸÿ±3´jŽ–ˆt²and›UUµMŸÿ±2´jŽ“²are˜in•¸ãv‘ÿqÇarian“t˜masses˜compGosed˜of˜the˜jet˜com“binations,˜so˜as˜to˜minimize˜µL².Ž¦‘ýî¸¸ŽŽŽ‘î¹µpŸÿ´TŽ‘ ¢²and–UUlifetime“signicance“of“the“leading“µb²-tagged“jet.ŽŸlþ‘íî¹Manš¸ãy–~Ýof“these“v‘ÿqÇariables“(for“instance“the“mass“lik˜eliho•Go“d–~Ýand‘~Üaplanarit˜y)“are“only“dened“for“ev˜en˜ts“with“2“or“moreŽ¡‘íî¹jets.‘p£Th•¸ãus›Qéw“e˜require˜2˜jets˜with˜µpŸÿ´TŽ‘ Îµ>–Ç²20˜GeV/µc‘Qè²and˜¸jµ[Ù¸j“µ<“²2µ:²5.‘p£Plots˜of˜some˜of˜these˜v‘ÿqÇariables,‘R˜whic•¸ãh˜also˜serv“es˜asŽ¡‘íî¹an–UUadditional“c•¸ãhec“k–UUof“the“agreemenš¸ãt“bGet˜w˜een“the“data“and“prediction,“are“included“in“the“appGendix.Ž¡‘÷î¹The–5´result“of“applying“these‘5³NN‘5¬to“data“is“shoš¸ãwn“in“Fig.–g<4.“The–5´maxim˜um“signal‘5³signicance“is“used“to“determineŽ¡‘íî¹the–—optimal“NN‘—{cut.‘8oThe›—Œsignal“signicance“is“dened˜asŸûäû‘E¿´NŸm³SŽŽ‘ÊÀŸÎ7‰fe$TiŸ‚æŸú‘‘·pŽ‘‘ÉŸú‘‘‰W Â Ÿno´NŸm³SŽ‘æ±+´NŸm³BŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ‘*R\²,‘¨where“µNŸÿ´SŽ‘ b“²and“µNŸÿ´BŽ‘ y™²are“the˜expšGected“n•¸ãum“b˜ers‘—ofŽŸ bg‘íî¹signal–¹¢and“bacš¸ãkground“ev˜en˜ts“respGectiv˜ely“and“is“sho˜wn“in“Fig.–=á5.“This–¹¢signicance“reac˜hes“its“maxim˜um“at“µN‘N‘Þ3>‘Ç²0µ:²9Ž¡‘íî¹for–ÎbšGoth“t¸ãyp˜e“2“and“3.›DÛTherefore,‘é„this“selection“is“used“for“the‘Îcross“section“measuremen¸ãt.˜The“results“are“summarizedŽ¡‘íî¹in–UUT‘ÿ*ªable“VI.ŽŽŽŒ‹|[ ª ý2’æî¸²8ŽŽ ° þ*‹û ÿ:tŸ €’ìî¹Ô(a)Ž¤ €’ìî¹TÃŽyp<reŽ¡’ìî¹2Ž¡’ìî¹ó+×2cmmi8ÖŽ¡’ìî¹Ôlep-Ž¡’ìî¹tonŽŽŽŽŸ €’ìî¹(b)Ž¤ €’ìî¹TÃŽyp<reŽ¡’ìî¹2Ž¡’ìî¹ÖŽ¡’ìî¹Ôlep-Ž¡’ìî¹tonŽ¡’ìî¹(zo<romed)ŽŽŽŽŽŸP€Ÿ €’ìî¹(c)Ž¤ €’ìî¹TÃŽyp<reŽ¡’ìî¹3Ž¡’ìî¹ÖŽ¡’ìî¹Ôlep-Ž¡’ìî¹tonŽŽŽŽŸ €’ìî¹(d)Ž¤ €’ìî¹TÃŽyp<reŽ¡’ìî¹3Ž¡’ìî¹ÖŽ¡’ìî¹Ôlep-Ž¡’ìî¹tonŽ¡’ìî¹(zo<romed)ŽŽŽŽŽŸ\Kû‘íî¹¹FIG.–˜y4:‘"¹Result“of“applying“the›˜xNN‘˜Wcut.‘¥Þ»tŸþVÛ ä¹ŽŸ©%»tŽŽ‘W¹,‘¹B»W‘á\¹and“QCD‘˜Vare“plotted“incremen¾9tally“in˜order“to“compare“with˜the“n•¾9um“bAÇer‘˜yofŽ¤ €‘íî¹ev•¾9en“ts›ÆÍobserv“ed–ÆÎin˜data.‘0ÜError“bars˜include˜only“statistical˜uncertain¾9ties.‘0Ü»Rª¹(»tŸþVÛ ä¹ŽŸ©%»tŽŽ‘W¹)‘¹=‘¹‘5»:¹54˜pb˜is“assumed.‘0ÜThe˜righ¾9t“plot˜onlyŽ¡‘íî¹shoš¾9ws–Tthe“en˜tries“at“high“v‘ÿ|ralues“of“NN“cut.ŽŽŸ;E.ŸÏåÌŸ €’ëdÔ(a)ŽŸ €’ëdTÃŽyp<re‘ã2ŽŽŽŽŸ €’îyc(b)ŽŸ €’îycTÃŽyp<re‘ã3ŽŽŽŽŽŸ,Z4’šl¹FIG.–T5:‘p»tŸþVÛ ä¹ŽŸ©%»tŽŽ‘èá½!‘‘Æ»‘7¹+‘8»j‘„ets“¹signal“signicance.ŽŽŸUó’ŽD‰ÈVI.Ž’§íµSYSTEMA–ÿÌTIC‘ŒÊUNCER“T“AINTIESŽ©¹ó‘÷î¹²The–ÉBmost›ÉAimpGortan¸ãt“systematic“eects“(except˜for“the“µb²-tagging,‘åFwhic¸ãh˜is“treated“indepGenden¸ãtly)“are˜summarized“inŽ¤€‘íî¹T‘ÿ*ªable–¸_VIšGI.‘=uMost“of“them“are“asso˜ciated“with“uncertain¸ãties“on“the“corresp˜onding“quan¸ãtities“(Jet‘¸^Energy“Scale,‘×ÄPrimaryŽ¡‘íî¹V›ÿ*ªertex,‘'Branc¸ãhing– Ratio‘and“T˜rigger›sim¸ãulation).‘^¯The“QCD‘þsystematics˜comes“mainly˜from“the˜error“of˜the“2D‘þt˜ofŽ¡‘íî¹the–3nµ‘U5²fakš¸ãe“rate.‘fzThe“µW‘*§¸!‘Çµ‘!Ç‘Öd²uncertain˜t˜y“comes‘3mfrom“t˜w˜o“sources:‘`Ôthe“uncertain˜t˜y“of‘3mthe“cross“section“v‘ÿqÇalue“and“theŽ¡‘íî¹conserv‘ÿqÇativ¸ãe–UUestimate“of“the“error“assošGciated“with“the“metho˜d“that“w¸ãe“used“for“mo˜deling“this“bac¸ãkground.ŽŸ çn’ÍDõÈA.‘ 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yŸœt¶°0³:°014³;°+0³:°014ŽŽŽ¡‘Gl»S‘ƒFŸ¼hfŽŽ’éŸœt¶°0³:°00036³;°+0³:°00036ŽŽ’Á<9Ÿœt¶°0³:°00094³;°+0³:°00094ŽŽŽ¡‘12»S‘ƒFŸ¼llŽŽ’éŸœt¶°0³:°00036³;°+0³:°00036ŽŽ’Á<9Ÿœt¶°0³:°00094³;°+0³:°00094ŽŽŽ¡‘»–Tb¹-tagging“(data)Ž’ïíYŸœt¶°0³:°091³;°+0³:°094ŽŽ’Ëq™Ÿœt¶°0³:°24³;°+0³:°25ŽŽŽ¡‘iõ»–Tb¹-tagging“(MC)Ž’óTyŸœt°+0³:°11³;¶°0³:°10ŽŽ’Ëq™Ÿœt+0³:°28³;¶°0³:°25ŽŽŽ¡‘M”¹taggabilit¾9yŽ’ïíYŸœt¶°0³:°048³;°+0³:°049ŽŽ’Ëq™Ÿœt¶°0³:°13³;°+0³:°13ŽŽŽŸŒÎ‰ffþŸff‰ffþŽŽŸ2ÿúŽŸ’‘‘Ëµ‘!Ç²+jets–UUtš¸ãypGe“3“(m˜ulti-prong)“cross“section:Ž¤€‘l'?µ[Ù²(µtŸø¦7‰feœrŸYÉtŽŽ‘œr²)–Ç=“9µ:²39Ÿû¸ä‘Ž0±+10´:±10ŽŸñÂ‘Ž0·±7´:±49ŽŽ‘$¼²(statŽŽ‘¸æ)Ÿû¸ä‘Ž0±+1´:±25ŽŸñÂ‘Ž0·±1´:±18ŽŽ‘ 1º²(systŽŽ‘;)‘Ç¸‘8à²0µ:²61–Ž0(lumiŽŽ‘qË)“pbµ:ŽŽ¡‘÷î¹²The–1Ãcomš¸ãbined“cross“section“w˜as“estimated“b˜y“minimizing“the“sum“of“the“negativ˜e“log-lik˜eliho•Go“d–1Ãfunctions“(con-Ž¤€‘íî¹structed–åÃfrom“a“Pš¸ãoisson“distribution“using“the“n˜um˜bGer“of“observ˜ed“ev˜en˜ts“and“\h˜ypGothetically"“observ˜ed“ev˜en˜ts“as“theŽ¡‘íî¹Pš¸ãoisson–ÿýmean)‘ÿüfor“eac˜h–ÿüc˜hannel.‘UUThe“functional›ÿýform“of˜the“lik¸ãeliho•Go“d˜function˜w¸ãas–ÿüthe˜same“as˜has“bGeen˜used“for˜theŽ¡‘íî¹µe–UU²cš¸ãhannel“[20Ž‘ ].‘qÇThe“com˜bined“cross“section“yieldsŽ¤€¡‘n@µ[Ù²(µtŸø¦7‰feœrŸYÉtŽŽ‘œr²)–Ç=“5µ:²05Ÿû¸ä‘Ž0±+4´:±31ŽŸñÂ‘Ž0·±3´:±46ŽŽ– 1º²(statŽŽ‘¸æ)Ÿû¸ä‘Ž0±+0´:±68ŽŸñÂ‘Ž0·±0´:±67ŽŽ“²(systŽŽ‘;)‘Ç¸‘8à²0µ:²33–Ž0(lumiŽŽ‘qË)“pbµ:ŽŽŸ!C%’½JiÈVI•K¼I“I.Ž’ß“‘SUMMAR‘ÿÌYŽŸ¹ó‘÷î¹²This–-note“presenš¸ãts‘,the“measuremen˜t“of“µ[Ù²(µtŸþ'ž#²ŽŸØbµtŽŽ‘œr²)‘,b˜y“the“D“collabGoration›,in“the“Run“2a“of˜the“F›ÿ*ªermilab“T˜ev‘ÿqÇatron.‘WTheŽ¤€‘íî¹deca•¸ãy›b9c“hannel˜studied˜in“v“olv“es˜one˜hadronically˜deca“ying‘b8µ‘„²lepton,–er2˜µb˜²jets,“2˜ligh¸ãt˜jets˜and˜¸6‡CµEŸÿ´TŽ‘L¶².‘˜sThe˜trigger˜and˜theŽ¡‘íî¹correspGonding›UU349–8à¸“²23˜pbŸü^ÿ·±1Ž‘É²dataset˜w•¸ãere˜shared˜with˜the˜all-jets˜c“hannel˜[5Ž‘].Ž¡‘÷î¹The–Ì/main“cš¸ãhallenge“w˜as“to“reject“the“o˜v˜erwhelming“QCD‘Ì bac˜kground,‘çwhile“at“the“same“time“propGerly“handling“theŽ¡‘íî¹phš¸ãysical–ú µW‘å×²+‘‚I4µj‘Œ”²irreducible“bac˜kground.‘SXIn“order“to‘úac˜hiev˜e“this“goal,‘Ka“NN-based“µ‘Ï²ID‘ùòand“SVT‘ùñµb²-tagging“algorithmŽ¡‘íî¹w•¸ãas›Þemplo“y“ed.‘In˜addition,‘Ithe˜relev‘ÿqÇan“t˜topGological˜v‘ÿqÇariables‘Þw“ere˜com“bined˜in“to˜a˜NN‘Ýõtrained˜to˜dieren“tiate˜theŽ¡‘íî¹signal–ù>from“QCD.›ù=The“single“and“triple˜pronged“µ‘²lepton“c•¸ãhannels˜w“ere–ù>treated“as“indepGenden•¸ãt˜c“hannels–ù>and“thenŽ¡‘íî¹com¸ãbined.Ž¡‘÷î¹The–UUcross“section“w¸ãas“measured“to“bGeŽŸ€¤€‘n@µ[Ù²(µtŸø¦7‰feœrŸYÉtŽŽ‘œr²)–Ç=“5µ:²05Ÿû¸ä‘Ž0±+4´:±31ŽŸñÂ‘Ž0·±3´:±46ŽŽ– 1º²(statŽŽ‘¸æ)Ÿû¸ä‘Ž0±+0´:±68ŽŸñÂ‘Ž0·±0´:±67ŽŽ“²(systŽŽ‘;)‘Ç¸‘8à²0µ:²33–Ž0(lumiŽŽ‘qË)“pbµ:ŽŽ¡‘÷î¹²This–˜áresult›˜àis“in˜agreemen¸ãt“with˜the“theoretically˜predicted“v‘ÿqÇalue“of˜6.8¸²0.4“pb˜[4Ž‘]“as˜w¸ãell“as˜other“D˜and“CDFŽŸ€‘íî¹measuremen¸ãts–UU[5Ž‘,“16Ž‘ UW].ŽŽŽŒ‹ žÇ ª ý2’áî·²10ŽŽ ° ýj’Ã)@ÈAc•´Ckno“wledgmen“tsŽŸ¹ó‘÷î¹²W‘ÿ*ªe–v“thank›v”the“stas˜at“F‘ÿ*ªermilab˜and“collabGorating˜institutions,‘~ãand“ac•¸ãkno“wledge–v“suppGort˜from“the˜DOE‘v‹and“NSFŽ¤€‘íî¹(USA);–š1CEA›šand“CNRS/IN2P3“(F‘ÿ*ªrance);‘¼žF‘þãASI,“Rosatom“and“RFBR˜(Russia);‘¼ŸCAPES,‘š0CNPq,‘«hF›þãAPERJ,“F˜APESPŽ¡‘íî¹and‘þ/FUNDUNESP–þ(Brazil);›<D¸ãAE“and‘þ0DST“(India);˜Colciencias‘þ/(Colom•¸ãbia);˜CONA“CyT–þ(Mexico);˜KRF“and‘þ/K¸ãOSEFŽ¡‘íî¹(Korea);‘“CONICET›à•and‘à³UBA•¸ãCyT‘à”(Argen“tina);‘”F“OM˜(The‘à²Netherlands);‘”PP‘ÿ*ªAR“C‘à”(United‘à³Kingdom);‘“MSMT˜(Czec“hŽ¡‘íî¹Republic);‘íyCR•¸ãC›¹bProgram,‘Ø³CFI,‘¹‹NSER“C˜and‘¹‹W‘ÿ*ªestGrid–¹ŠPro‘Ž8ject“(Canada);‘íyBMBF›¹cand“DF•¸ãG˜(German“y);‘íxSFI˜(Ireland);Ž¡‘íî¹Researcš¸ãh–UUCorpGoration,“Alexander“v˜on“Hum˜bGoldt“F‘ÿ*ªoundation,“and“the“Marie“Curie“Program.ŽŸ‘r.¹ž@„€õ€’ÿ)0£ „À¸ ’ÿf¡„zÀ‘£ð¡„@=`ŽŽŸ€‘òŽ·¹[1]ŽŽRAJ.–TA.“Coarasa,“J.“Guasc¾9h,“and“J.“Sola,“RepAÇort“No.“UAB-FT-451,“1999,“hep-ph/9903212“.Ž¤ €‘òŽ·[2]ŽŽRAD.–TAcosta“Ñet.‘N<al.¹,“Ph¾9ys.“Rev.“D“È62¹,“012004“(2000).Ž¡‘òŽ·[3]ŽŽRADirect–TSearcš¾9h“for“Charged“Higgs“Bosons“in“»tŸþVÛ ä¹ŽŸ©%»tŽŽ‘lo¹ev˜en˜ts,“D“Note“4357.Ž¡‘òŽ·[4]ŽŽRAN.–TKidonakis,“R.“V‘ÿ:«ogt,“Ph¾9ys.“Rev.“D“È68¹,“114014“(2003).Ž¡‘òŽ·[5]ŽŽRAMeasuremen¾9t–Tof“the“»tŸþVÛ ä¹ŽŸ©%»tŽŽ‘èá½!‘‘Æ»al&9l‘4q½‘8»j‘„ets“¹proAÇduction“cross“section,“using“Secondary“V›ÿ:«ertex“T˜agging,“D“Note“4879-CONF.Ž¡‘òŽ·[6]ŽŽRAV.M.–TAbazo¾9v,“Ñet‘N<al.“¹(D0“CollabšAÇoration),“\The“upgraded“D0“detector,"“Nucl.“Instrum.“and“Metho˜ds“A“È565¹,“463“(2006).Ž¡‘òŽ·[7]ŽŽRAS.–TEidelman“Ñet‘N<al.“¹(Pš¾9article“Data“Group),“Ph˜ys.“Lett.“B“È592¹,“1“(2004)“and“2005“upAÇdate.Ž¡‘òŽ·[8]ŽŽRAD–T»‘S¹ID“certication,“D“Note“4773.Ž¡‘òŽ·[9]ŽŽRAD–TSecondary“V‘ÿ:«ertex“»b¹-tagger“certication,“D“Note“4796.Ž¡‘íî¹[10]ŽŽRAM.L.–TMangano“Ñet‘N<al.¹,“JHEP“È0307¹,“001“(2003),“hep-ph/0206293.Ž¡‘íî¹[11]ŽŽRAJ.–TPumplin,“D.R.“Stump,“J.“Huston,“H.L.“Lai,“P›ÿ:«.“Nadolsky˜,“W.K.“T˜ung,“hep-ph/0201195.Ž¡‘íî¹[12]ŽŽRAT.–TSj‘û`ostrand“Èet‘ŒÊal.¹,“LU“TP“01-21,“hep-ph/0108264.Ž¡‘íî¹[13]ŽŽRAóGß¤N cmtt9ëGh¹ttp://c•¾9harm.ph“ysics.ucsb.edu/pAÇeople/lange/EvtGen/Ž¡‘íî¹[14]ŽŽRAS.–TJadacš¾9h,“Z.“W‘ÿ:«as,“R.“Dec˜k˜er,“J.H.“Kuehn,“Comp.“Ph˜ys.“Comm˜un.“,“361“(1993)“(CERN“TH-6793“preprin˜t).Ž¡‘íî¹[15]ŽŽRAR.–TBrun“and“F.“Carminati,“CERN“Program“Library“Long“W‘ÿ:«riteup“W5013“1993.Ž¡‘íî¹[16]ŽŽRAMeasuremen¾9t–pNof“the›pOttbar“cross“section“in“the“lepton+jets˜c¾9hannel“at“ŸùƒØ½pŽ‘% ŸùƒØ‰aHOŸ|(»sŽŽŽ‘ž"¹=‘)g1»:¹96‘ŠªT‘ÿ:«eV‘p7(topAÇological)“,‘‡D˜Notes“4667“andŽ¡RA4662.Ž¡‘íî¹[17]ŽŽRA½6‘ÿ|r»EŸºTŽŽ‘kx¹Signicance–TAlgorithm“in“Run“IAÇI“data,“D“Note“4254Ž¡‘íî¹[18]ŽŽRAMeasuremenš¾9t–Jof“»W‘HãŸü-=¾Ž‘ 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